How does a venturi mask function?

The venturi mask functions primarily by using a jet of oxygen to create a vacuum, which is a fundamental principle of fluid dynamics known as the Venturi effect. As oxygen flows through a narrow segment of the mask, it accelerates and decreases in pressure, creating a vacuum that draws in a specific proportion of ambient air. This mechanism allows for the delivery of a precise concentration of oxygen to the patient, making it particularly useful in situations where controlled oxygen therapy is necessary.

The design of the venturi mask features various interchangeable color-coded diluters, which correspond to different oxygen flow rates and allow healthcare providers to select an appropriate setting based on the patient's needs. By adjusting the flow rate of oxygen and the size of the openings in the diluters, different oxygen concentrations can be delivered effectively.

In contrast, other types of devices like continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) masks serve a different function altogether by maintaining airway pressure, and a balloon would not accurately regulate airflow in the context of oxygen delivery. Therefore, the use of a jet of oxygen to create a vacuum is central to the operation of the venturi mask.