In what condition is a high-flow nasal cannula preferred over a standard nasal cannula?

A high-flow nasal cannula is preferred in cases of severe hypoxemia or respiratory distress because it provides a greater flow rate of oxygen than a standard nasal cannula. This allows for the delivery of a higher concentration of oxygen while also creating a positive airway pressure that can aid in keeping the airways open.

In situations of severe respiratory compromise, such as acute respiratory failure, pneumonia, or certain types of pulmonary edema, the ability to administer a high volume of heated and humidified oxygen can significantly improve patient comfort and outcomes. The high-flow setup helps maintain a patient's oxygen saturation levels more effectively, which is crucial in managing severe hypoxemia.

While mild respiratory illness, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, and post-operative recovery may also require supplemental oxygen, these conditions often do not necessitate the higher flow rates or the additional benefits that a high-flow nasal cannula provides. In those cases, a standard nasal cannula could be sufficient to meet the patient's needs without the complexity and setup required for high-flow systems.